These organizations frame themselves as being by women, for women, in order to fight the idea that feminism is the only women-oriented ideology. As the feminist movement has changed since its foundation, the principles and interests of anti-feminism have also changed over the course of history. [6], The term antifeminist is also used to describe public female figures, some of whom (such as Naomi Wolf, Camille Paglia, and Kate Roiphe) define themselves as feminists, based on their opposition to some or all elements of feminist movements. In the United States, some antifeminists see their ideology as a response to one rooted in hostility towards men, holding feminism responsible for several social problems, including lower college entrance rates of young men and a perceived decline in manliness in American culture. Roe v. Wade was decided in 1973, and abortion was utilized by many antifeminists to rally supporters. einzelne, mehrere oder sämtliche feministische Anliegen wenden. Video shows what antifeminist means. The novel claimed that Communist leaders used their men and women to recruit a variety of minorities in the nation's capital, such as females, colored males, and homosexual males. [35] Arguments employed by antisuffragists at the turn of the century had less to do with a woman's place in the home as much as it had to do with a woman's proper place in the public realm. For example, the perpetrators of the Christchurch massacre and the El Paso shooting appear to have been motivated by the conspiracy theory that white people are being replaced by non-whites largely as a result of feminist stances in Western societies. There were two reasons antisuffragists opposed women participating in the political realm. Opposed to feminism. Val Burris, meanwhile, says that high-income men opposed the amendment because they would gain the least with it being passed; that those men had the most to lose, since the ratification of the ERA would mean more competition for their jobs and possibly a lowered self-esteem. How have women contributed significantly? These antifeminists contend that feminism demonizes men (misandry) and that women are not oppressed in 21st century Western countries. The meaning of antifeminism has varied across time and cultures, and antifeminism attracts both men and women. [33] Speaking on behalf of the League in an 1887 address to the Evangelical Alliance Conference, Samuel Dike described the ideal family as having "one man and one woman, united in wedlock, together with their children". "[11], Antifeminist ideology rejects at least one of the following general principles of feminism:[12], Some antifeminists argue that feminism, despite claiming to advocate for equality, ignores rights issues unique to men. [64][65], According to Amherst College sociology professor Jerome L. Himmelstein, antifeminism is rooted in social stigmas against feminism and is thus a purely reactionary movement. ", This page was last edited on 19 January 2021, at 15:09. In fact, leaders of the movement often encouraged other women to leave the home and participate in society. “Anti-feminist.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/anti-feminist. One theory is that it was a clash between upper-class liberal voters and the older, more conservative lower-class rural voters who often serve as the center for right-wing movements; in other words, this theory identifies particular social classes as more inherently friendly to antifeminism. Each modality is politically efficient in its season. [45], Some current antifeminist practices can be traced back to the rise of the religious right in the late 1970s. Women's suffrage was achieved in the US in 1920, and early 20th-century antifeminism was primarily focused on fighting this. By 1972, the amendment was supported by both major parties and was immensely popular. [57], In India, the Save Indian Family Foundation is an antifeminist organization[58] opposed to a number of laws that they claim to have been used against men. The IWF claims to be "the voice of reasonable women with important ideas who embrace common sense over divisive ideology". ", "Reform activity that challenged either the subordination of women to men or the patriarchal limitation of women's status provoked an antifeminist response that included an intellectual and political campaign to halt progress toward women's rights and equality. Feminist definition, advocating social, political, legal, and economic rights for women equal to those of men. This undermines and belittles the true power and numbers behind the antisuffrage movement, which was primarily led by women themselves. After initially receiving the majority of votes (51%), a Time editor apologized for including the word in the poll and removed it from the results. What changed my mind was learning that a lot of what I thought feminists believed was false – including the idea that gender oppression only affects women. These organizations chastise feminists for presuming to universally speak for all women. ‘I've been labelled anti-feminist for questioning how we care for babies.’. Men's responses to increased feminism varied. The current of anti-feminism which developed in the newer religious orders …. 'All Intensive Purposes' or 'All Intents and Purposes'? This self-proclaimed "anti-feminist" lawyer (Web site tag line: "Now is … "[67] Similar strands of thought are found in the incel subculture, which centers around misogynist fantasies about punishing women for not having sex with them. Some men even subscribed to feminist ideology, but others went the other direction and became decidedly antifeminist. The pro-family movement appeared in the late 19th century, by about 1870. [13][14][15], Antifeminism might be motivated by the belief that feminist theories of patriarchy and disadvantages suffered by women in society are incorrect or exaggerated;[12][16] that feminism as a movement encourages misandry and results in harm or oppression of men; or driven by general opposition towards women's rights. addresses) on resources for battered women"[6] and more. controversy, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antifeminism&oldid=1001406668, Articles with limited geographic scope from May 2017, Pages in non-existent country centric categories, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, That social arrangements among men and women, "The two major waves of antifeminist activity coincide with the two waves of the women's rights movement: the campaign to secure female suffrage in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and the feminist movement of the late twentieth century. [39] Supporters of an unaltered ERA rejected the Hayden rider, believing an ERA containing the rider did not provide for equality. Four women reply (and they're not from the left)", "The many misguided reasons famous ladies say 'I'm Not a Feminist, "#WomenAgainstFeminism goes viral as people explain why they don't need feminism anymore", "Time Magazine apologizes for including 'feminist' in 2015 word banishment poll", The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law, "Alt-right, alt-left, antifa: a glossary of extremist language", "Alt-right in Montreal: The war against women", "How the alt-right's sexism lures men into white supremacy", "To Learn About the Far Right, Start With the 'Manosphere, "Resisting the feminist threat: antifeminist politics in post-Sandinista Nicaragua", "Disabusing the Definition of Domestic Violence: How Women Batter Men and the Role of the Feminist State", Timeline of women's legal rights (other than voting), Boys are stupid, throw rocks at them! [40], Jerome Himmelstein identified two main theories about the appeal of antifeminism and its role in opposition to the ERA. Antifeminism, also spelled anti-feminism, is opposition to some or all forms of feminism. To put it simply, anti-feminism is an opposition to the principles and an idea of feminism. [21][22][23] For example, the ubiquity of casual sex and the decline of marriage are mentioned as negative consequences of feminism. [33] This movement built the foundation for many pro-family arguments in contemporary antifeminism. [1][2] In the mid and late 20th century antifeminists often opposed the right to abortion and, in the United States, the Equal Rights Amendment. [66], Antifeminism has been identified as an underlying motivation in far-right extremism. Though men were not the only antifeminists, men experienced what some have called a "crisis of masculinity"[30] in response to traditional gender roles being challenged. [30], In the 19th century, one of the major focal points of antifeminism was opposition to women's suffrage, which began as a grassroots movement in 1848 and spanned for 72 years. In the early 21st century antifeminism has sometimes been an element of violent, far-right extremist acts. It's younger and less established than the CWA, though the two organizations are often discussed in relation to each other. That is, women could keep their existing and future special protections that men did not have. However, numerous studies have failed to correlate the aforementioned demographic factors with support for antifeminism, and only religiosity correlates positively with antifeminist alignment. Antifeminism (also spelled anti-feminism) is opposition to some or all forms of feminism.Earlier groups of antifeminists have opposed particular policy proposals for women's rights, such as women's suffrage in the late 19th century and early 20th century. [35] Later historians tended to dismiss antisuffragists as subscribing to the model of domestic idealism, that a woman's place is in the home. adjective. [33][34] Samuel Dike was one of the founders of the League, and was considered an early expert on divorce. ", "Reasonable distinctions": an alternative to the ERA, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, "Stop fem-splaining: what 'Women Against Feminism' gets right", "Is feminism still relevant? In 1950 and 1953, ERA was passed by the Senate with a provision known as "the Hayden rider", making it unacceptable to ERA supporters. [31][2] Opponents of women's entry into institutions of higher learning argued that education was too great a physical burden on women. In both periods, those holding a traditional view of women's place in the home and family tried to advance their cause by joining with other conservative groups to forestall efforts to extend women's rights. Some argued that women were already overburdened. [41] The second theory Himmelstein identifies states that the female antifeminists who lead the movement are largely married, low education, and low personal income women who embody the "insecure housewife scenario" and seek to perpetuate their own situation in which women depend on men for fiscal support. If you look up the definition of “Feminism” in the dictionary, you’ll see these statements: Feminism is: 1. Most used the same hashtag, "womenagainstfeminism", but instead made satirical and bluntly parodic comments. Accessed 24 Jan. 2021. Wir haben im großen Anti feminist definition Test uns die empfehlenswertesten Produkte verglichen und die brauchbarsten Eigenschaften zusammengetragen. Anna Howard Shaw, president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) from 1904 to 1915, presumed, perhaps unfairly, that the antisuffragists were merely working under the influence of male forces. He says that antifeminists oppose "women's entry into the public sphere, the re-organization of the private sphere, women's control of their bodies, and women's rights generally." [51], In response to the social media trend, modern day feminists also began to upload similar pictures to websites such as Twitter and Tumblr. Anti-Feminists prefer to follow a more appropriate Biblical representative of women modeled in scripture (Christianity).Many of the Bible verses anti-feminists follow are Ephesians 5:22, … They believe that the feminist movement has achieved its aims and now seeks higher status for women than for men via special rights and exemptions, such as female-only scholarships, affirmative action, and gender quotas. [20] They have argued that feminism has resulted in changes to society's previous norms relating to sexuality, which they see as detrimental to traditional values or conservative religious beliefs. [7] Other feminists label writers such as Christina Hoff Sommers, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Katie Roiphe and Elizabeth Fox-Genovese with this term[8][9] because of their positions regarding oppression and lines of thought within feminism.[10]. [11][17][18][19], Furthermore, antifeminists view feminism as a denial of innate psychological sex differences, and an attempt to reprogram people against their biological tendencies. [39] Their methods include actions such as "insults proffered in emails or on the telephone, systematic denigration of feminism in the media, Internet disclosure of confidential information (e.g. [39] Because of the support of antifeminism from conservatives and the constant "conservative reactions to liberal social politics", such as the New Deal attacks, the attack on the ERA has been called a "right-wing backlash". Kimmel further writes that antifeminist argumentation relies on "religious and cultural norms" while proponents of antifeminism advance their cause as a means of "'saving' masculinity from pollution and invasion". Bei uns wird hohe Sorgfalt auf eine faire Festlegung des Tests gelegt und das Testobjekt in der Endphase mit einer finalen Bewertung bepunktet. For example, Paul Gottfried maintains that the change of women's roles "has been a social disaster that continues to take its toll on the family" and contributed to a "descent by increasingly disconnected individuals into social chaos". Anti-feminist rhetoric is a powerful gateway to violent white nationalism, and it is calculated to appeal to the demographic overwhelmingly responsible for … ‘the article was interpreted as anti-feminist’. [59], The Concerned Women of America (CWA) are also an antifeminist organization. 19 synonyms and near synonyms of anti-feminist from the Merriam-Webster Thesaurus, plus 5 antonyms and near antonyms. This is because women's movements may demand access to male-dominated positions within the religious sector, like the clergy, and women's movements threaten male-oriented values of some religions. [28] However, by the end of the century, a cultural counter movement had begun. In the anti-feminist movement, most people assume men are leading the charge. Another theory holds that women who feel vulnerable and dependent on men are likely to oppose anything that threatens that tenuous stability; under this view, while educated, independent career women may support feminism, housewives who lack such resources are more drawn to antifeminism. [35], In 1951, two journalists published Washington Confidential. More from Merriam-Webster on anti-feminist, Thesaurus: All synonyms and antonyms for anti-feminist. Like feminism, this can describe a broad range of ideas, which we shall attempt to divide into 3 groupings. This ploy failed once the journalists linked feminism to communism in their novel and ultimately reinforced antifeminism by implying that defending the "white, Christian, heterosexual, patriarchal family" was the only way to oppose communism. [36], The Equal Rights Amendment is a perennially proposed amendment to the United States Constitution that would grant equal rights and opportunities to every citizen of the United States, regardless of their sex. [61] Both of these organizations pride themselves on rallying women who do not identify with feminist rhetoric together. Her anti-feminism was rooted in her opposition to “federal solutions to personal problems,” be they programs to alleviate poverty, provide health care, or educate young children. "’. [67] According to Helen Lewis, the far-right ideology considers it vital to control female reproduction and sexuality: "Misogyny is used predominantly as the first outreach mechanism", where "You were owed something, or your life should have been X, but because of the ridiculous things feminists are doing, you can’t access them. ‘Big Sister is a valuable book that may, perhaps, be swept off the shelves for being "anti-feminist. The majority of them, however, argued that a woman's participation in the political realm would hinder her participation in social and civic duties. Some women, like those in the Women's National Anti-Suffrage League, campaigned against women's suffrage. As it turned out, the most indicative factors when predicting ERA position, especially among women, were race, marital status, age, and education. Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible). See more. [66] Due to the stigma against feminism, some activists, such as those involved with Girls Rock, may take the principles of feminism as a foundation of thought and teach girls and women independence and self-reliance without explicitly labeling it with the stigmatized brand of feminism. [42] ERA opposition was much higher among white, married, older, and less educated citizens. [26] They argue that a change of women's roles is a destructive force that endangers the family, or is contrary to religious morals. It is because of feminism we have we have unrestricted sex, the Pill, abortion on demand, an astronomically increased number of single mothers, teenage mothers and women in their 40s struggling with infertility; we have a fatherless generation who haven't seen a better example; chastity is mocked, women are sexualized and coerced into selling themselves cheap; we have no-fault divorce, and deterioration of family. [61], Many who affiliate with the alt-right movement are antifeminist,[62][63] with antifeminism and resentment of women being a common recruitment gateway into the movement. ", "Antifeminism, then, repudiates critiques of male supremacy and resists efforts to eliminate it (often accompanied by dismissal of the idea that change is possible). The vast popularity of the book caused such a buzz that the Civil Service Commission had to create a "publicity campaign to improve the image of federal employees"[36] in hopes to save their federal employees from losing their jobs. [29] These countermovements were in response to some women's growing demands, which were perceived as threatening to the standard way of life. Abortion remains one of the most controversial topics in the United States. — Margaret W. Labarge. Thus, most women continue to practice feminism in terms of seeking equality and independence for women, yet avoid the label. Slippery Words Quiz—Changing with the Times. Find another word for anti-feminist. anti-feminist noun. How to use a word that (literally) drives some pe... Do you know these earlier meanings of words? How to pronounce anti-feminist (audio) , ˌan- tī- \ noun. … a publicly abusive faction of men's right … Antisuffragists feared this would, in fact, hinder their influence with legislative authorities. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced search—ad free! Canadian sociologists Melissa Blais and Francis Dupuis-Déri write that antifeminist thought has primarily taken the form of masculinism, in which "men are in crisis because of the feminization of society". Janet Chafetz identified in a study 32 first-wave antifeminist movements, including those in the 19th century and early 20th century movements. [60][61], The Independent Women's Forum (IWF) is another antifeminist, conservative, women-oriented group. I thought feminists were only doing harm to themselves and others, and I proudly proclaimed that I was not a feminist. 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