[2], Following the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 and independence of Bangladesh, thousands of Urdu-speaking Biharis arrived in the city, preferring to remain Pakistani rather than live in the newly independent country. Subventions de l'État aux associations Ce site vous permettra de consulter de façon détaillée les subventions faites aux associations entre 2010 et 2018 (publié dans les PLF Jaunes entre 2012 et 2020). KCR was fully operational between 1969 and 1999. The Mock Tudor architectural style was introduced in the Karachi Gymkhana and the Boat Club. Following the Rebellion, British colonial administrators continued to develop the city's infrastructure, but continued to neglect localities like Lyari, which was home to the city's original population of Sindhi fishermen and Balochi nomads. [131], Unable to provide housing to large numbers of refugees shortly after independence, Karachi's authorities first issued "slips" to refugees beginning in 1950 – 431 Likes, 4 Comments - George Mason University (@georgemasonu) on Instagram: “"As a freshman at Mason, I had difficulties being on my own for the first time. season, the Steelers (10-6) got both. The Pakistan Navy Engineering College (PNEC), operated by the Pakistan Navy, is associated with the National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) in Islamabad. [36][37] The city has a large informal economy which is not typically reflected in GDP estimates. The city has been host to a number of domestic cricket teams including Karachi,[329] Karachi Blues,[330] Karachi Greens,[331] and Karachi Whites. Karachi's urban area also includes six cantonments, which are administered directly by the Pakistani military, and include some of Karachi's most desirable real-estate. The first Muhajirs of Karachi arrived in 1946 in the aftermath of the Great Calcutta Killings and subsequent 1946 Bihar riots. To the north of Karachi lies the Karachi Northern Bypass (M10), which starts near the junction of the M9. [89] Street lighting, traffic planning, markets regulations, and signage are also under the control of the DMCs. 1. [55], The ancient site of Krokola, a natural harbor west of the Indus where Alexander the Great sailed his a fleet for Achaemenid Assyria, may have been located near the mouth of Karachi's Malir River,[56][57][58] though some believe it was located near Gizri. Karachi (Urdu: کراچی‎; Sindhi: ڪراچي; ALA-LC: Karācī, IPA: [kəˈraːtʃi] (listen)) is the capital of the Pakistani province of Sindh. Claire Ouedraogo is the winner of the U.S. Department of State's International Women of Courage Award and alumni of ECA's International Visitor Leadership Program. [217] Karachi is served by its own archdiocese, the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Karachi. over the Bills would put Pittsburgh ahead of Kansas City in the  ... 13 Dec 2020 The Pittsburgh Steelers clinch a 2020 playoff berth with Dolphins loss Tua [169] The city's inhabitants are referred to by the demonym Karachiite in English, and Karāchīwālā in Urdu. I have been a nurse since 1997. [240][241] However, revival of tramway service is proposed by Karachi Administrator Iftikhar Ali. Karachi is Pakistan's financial and commercial capital. [200], Central Asian migrants from Uzbekistan and Kyrghyzstan have also settled in the city. While the summers are hot and humid, cool sea breezes typically provide relief during hot summer months, though Karachi is prone to deadly heat waves,[117] though a text message-based early warning system is now in place which helped prevent any fatalities during an unusually strong heatwave in October 2017. I vårt breda sortiment finns något för alla Snabba leveranser Grymma priser Personlig service 9 Fysiska butiker Some had expected that the city's population to be between 22 and 30 million,[169] which would require an annual growth rate accelerating to between 4.6% and 6.33%. [89] KW&SB has the optimum capacity to treat up to 150 MGD of sewage, but uses only about 50 MGD of this capacity. With the completion of the Suez Canal in 1869, Karachi's position as a major port increased even further. Mangrove forests grow in the brackish waters around the Karachi Harbour, and farther southeast towards the expansive Indus River Delta. [46] As a result of the operation, Karachi went from being ranked the world's 6th most dangerous city for crime in 2014, to 93rd by early 2020.[114]. As most of Pakistan's large multinational corporations are based in Karachi, income taxes are paid in the city even though income may be generated from other parts of the country. [77][78], The name Karachee was used for the first time in a Dutch document from 1742, in which a merchant ship de Ridderkerk is shipwrecked near the settlement. The Union Council system was dismantled in 2011. Most major foreign multinational corporations operating in Pakistan have their headquarters in Karachi. # ^ International Centre for Political Violence and Terrorism Research at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore: "Have Pakistanis Forgotten Their Sufi Traditions?" The city has become a software outsourcing hub for Pakistan. [304][303][305][306] Karachi's highest death rates occurred in the mid 1990s when Karachi was much smaller. [2] Pashtuns from Afghanistan are regarded as the most conservative community. [204][205] Post-Partition Karachi also once had a sizable refugee community from post-revolutionary Iran. [46] In 2015, 1,040 Karachiites were killed in either acts of terror or other crime – an almost 50% decrease from the 2,023 killed in 2014,[309] and an almost 70% decrease from the 3,251 recorded killed in 2013 – the highest ever recorded number in Karachi history. [2] The community forms the bulk of the city's police force,[2] and also form a large portion of Karachi's entrepreneurial classes and direct a larger portion of Karachi's service-sector economy. Under the Talpurs, the Rah-i-Bandar road was built to connect the city's port to the caravan terminals. [244][245], The largest shipping ports in Pakistan are the Port of Karachi and the nearby Port Qasim, the former being the oldest port of Pakistan. Most educational institutions are gender-based, from primary to university level alongside the co education institutions. [13][14] Karachi is Pakistan's most cosmopolitan city, linguistically, ethnically, and religiously diverse,[21] as well as one of Pakistan's most secular and socially liberal cities. [72] In 1725, a band of Balochi settlers from Makran and Kalat had settled in the hamlet after fleeing droughts and tribal feuds. [182], Much of Karachi's citizenry descend from Urdu-speaking migrants and refugees from North India who became known by the Arabic term for "Migrant": Muhajir. [169] Karachi's population had grown at a rate of 3.49% between the 1981 and 1998 census, leading many analysts to estimate Karachi's 2017 population to be approximately 18 million by extrapolating a continued annual growth rate of 3.49%. Thousands of lives have been lost in the coronavirus outbreak, in cities and small towns, in hospital wards and nursing homes. [169], Political parties in the province have suggested the city's population has been underestimated in a deliberate attempt to undermine the political power of the city and province. Public building works were undertaken at this time in Gothic and Indo-Saracenic styles, including the construction of Frere Hall in 1865 and the later Empress Market in 1889. Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. [112], Urban planning and service delivery have not kept pace with Karachi's growth, resulting in the city's low ranking on livability rankings. These earliest inhabitants are believed to have been hunter-gatherers, with ancient flint tools discovered at several sites. Karachi is built on a coastal plain with scattered rocky outcroppings, hills and marshlands. Known as the Father of Modern Karachi, mayor Seth Harchandrai Vishandas led the municipal government to improve sanitary conditions in the Old City, as well as major infrastructure works in the New Town after his election in 1911. [88] Given the strategic value of the city, the British developed the Karachi Cantonment as a military garrison in the New Town to aid the British war effort in the First Anglo-Afghan War. [212][213][214] Sunnis primarily follow the Hanafi school of jurisprudence, with Sufism influencing religious practices by encouraging reverence for Sufi saints such as Abdullah Shah Ghazi and Mewa Shah. The inaugural first-class match at the National Stadium was played between Pakistan and India on 26 February 1955 and since then Pakistani national cricket team has won 20 of the 41 Test matches played at the National Stadium. [269], Households in Orangi self-organized to set-up their own sewerage system under the Orangi Pilot Project,[273] a community service organization founded in 1980. [167] Karachi accounts for 75.14% of customs duty and 79% of sales tax on imports,[167] and collects 53.38% of the total collections of the Federal Board of Revenue, of which 53.33% are customs duty and sales tax on imports.[167][168]. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Each DMC are also maintains its own municipal record archive, and devises its own local budget. [26] Kolachi was about 40 hectares in size, with some smaller fishing villages scattered in its vicinity. As of 8 February 2018[update] Lyari Expressway's north-bound and south-bound sections are both complete and open for traffic. Karachi has a hot desert climate (Köppen: BWh) dominated by a long "Summer Season" while moderated by oceanic influence from the Arabian Sea. [185] Muhajirs continued to migrate to Pakistan throughout the 1950s and early 1960s,[186] with Karachi remaining the primary destination of Indian Muslim migrants throughout those decades. [181] The city is now considered a melting pot of Pakistan, and is the country's most diverse city. [148] The city is home to approximately 30 percent of Pakistan's manufacturing sector,[38] and produces approximately 42 percent of Pakistan's value added in large scale manufacturing. [45] The city had become well known for its high rates of violent crime, but recorded crimes sharply decreased following a crackdown operation against criminals, the MQM political party, and Islamist militants initiated in 2013 by the Pakistan Rangers. A fourth corridor that will link Karachi's centre to Karachi's Malir Town is currently under construction. NFL playoff tracker: Chiefs, Packers clinch division as Steelers ... sports Steelers can clinch a playoff berth this weekend — here's how. [310] Despite a sharp decrease in violent crime, street crime remains high. SmarterTravel provides independent expert advice and unbiased reviews for the best travel deals, destinations, and money-saving travel tips that help feed your passion for seeing the world. Nueplex Cinemas, [141] The Global FDI Intelligence Report 2017/2018 published by Financial Times ranks Karachi amongst the top 10 Asia pacific cities of the future for FDI strategy. [110] At this time, Karachi was also rocked by political conflict, while crime rates drastically increased with the arrival of weaponry from the War in Afghanistan. [61] Nearchus, who commanded Alexander's naval fleet, also mentioned a hilly island by the name of Morontobara and an adjacent flat island named Bibakta, which colonial historians identified as Karachi's Manora Point and Kiamari (or Clifton), respectively, based on Greek descriptions. It is the largest city in Pakistan[15][16] and the twelfth largest city in the world. The urban area is divided into six District Municipal Corporations: Karachi East, Karachi West, Karachi Central, Karachi South, Malir, Korangi. [26] The new settlement is said to have been named in honour of Mai Kolachi, whose son is said to have slain a man-eating crocodile in the village after his elder brothers had already been killed by it. [96] In 1901, Karachi's population was 117,000 with a further 109,000 included in the Municipal area.[92]. The road is a part of a much larger motorway network under construction as part of the expansive China Pakistan Economic Corridor. [201] Expatriates from China began migrating to Karachi in the 1940s, to work as dentists, chefs and shoemakers, while many of their decedents continue to live in Pakistan. [269] Parts of the city's drainage system overflow on average 2–7 times per month, flooding some city streets. [189], During the period of rapid economic growth in the 1960s, large numbers Pashtuns from the NWFP migrated to Karachi with Afghan Pashtun refugees settling in Karachi during the 80's. Published. Capri Cinema, [14][13] As of 2008[update], the city's gross domestic product (GDP) by purchasing power parity (PPP) was estimated at $78 billion with a projected average growth rate of 5.5 percent. Planning Commission, Pakistan Economic Survey, 1964–65, Rawalpindi: Govt. [36], According to the Federal Board of Revenue's 2006–2007 year book, tax and customs units in Karachi were responsible for 46.75% of direct taxes, 33.65% of federal excise tax, and 23.38% of domestic sales tax. [127] Up to 60% of Karachi's residents live in such unplanned communities.[127]. [36][37] Approximately 30% of Pakistani industrial output is from Karachi,[38] while Karachi's ports handle approximately 95% of Pakistan's foreign trade. [104][105] Several examples of Modernist architect were built in Karachi during this period, including the Mazar-e-Quaid mausoleum, the distinct Masjid-e-Tooba, and the Habib Bank Plaza (the tallest building in all of South Asia at the time). The Institute of Business Administration (IBA), founded in 1955, is the oldest business school outside of North America and Europe, and was set up with technical support from the Wharton School and the University of Southern California. [31][32] Rohingya refugees from Myanmar, who speak a dialect of Bengali and are sometimes regarded as Bengalis, also live in the city. West of Karachi city is the Cape Monze, locally known as Ras Muari, which is an area characterised by sea cliffs, rocky sandstone promontories and undeveloped beaches. Mega Multiplex Cinema – Millennium Mall, Naimatullah Khan was the first Nazim of Karachi during the Union Council period, while Shafiq-Ur-Rehman Paracha was the first district co-ordination officer of Karachi. "Reviving Pakistan's Pluralist Traditions to Fight Extremism". Many streets in central Karachi still retain Hindu names, especially in Mithadar, Aram Bagh (formerly Ram Bagh), and Saddar. Karachi is home to an estimated 400,000 Rohingya residents. [273] As a result of OPP, 96% of Orangi residents have access to a latrine. "[303] Major mafias active in the city included land mafia, water tanker mafia, transport mafia and a sand and gravel mafia. Karachi rapidly became a transportation hub for British India owing to newly built port and rail infrastructure, as well as the increase in agricultural exports from the opening of productive tracts of newly irrigated land in Punjab and interior Sindh. 250 mm (10 in) per annum), the bulk of which occurs during the July–August monsoon season. [citation needed]. The expansive Karachi region is believed to have been known to the ancient Greeks, and may have been the site of Barbarikon, an ancient seaport which was located at the nearby mouth of the Indus River. [citation needed] Several independent television and radio stations are based in Karachi, including Business Plus, AAJ News, Geo TV, KTN,[145] Sindh TV,[146] CNBC Pakistan, TV ONE, Express TV,[147] ARY Digital, Indus Television Network, Samaa TV, Abb Takk News, Bol TV, and Dawn News, as well as several local stations. The Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, which opened in 1962, offers degree programmes in petroleum, gas, chemical, and industrial engineering. The first ever international cricket match in Karachi was held on 22 November 1935 between Sindh and Australian cricket teams. [169] The figure is disputed by all the major political parties in Sindh. The procedure involved the careful removal of each piece of timber and stone, stacked temporarily, loaded on the trucks for transportation to the Clifton site, unloaded and re-arranged according to a given layout, stone by stone, piece by piece, and completed within three months. It is popular in many countries and is prepared in various forms as a sweet snack that can be homemade or purchased in bakeries, supermarkets, food stalls, and franchised specialty vendors. ... 23 Nov 2020 The Pittsburgh Steelers headed into Week 14 with a great shot to clinch a playoff [31][32][33], Karachi is now Pakistan's premier industrial and financial centre. Subventions de l'État aux associations Ce site vous permettra de consulter de façon détaillée les subventions faites aux associations entre 2010 et 2018 (publié dans les PLF Jaunes entre 2012 et 2020). (50 points)The textarea shown to the left is named ta in a form named f1.It contains the top 10,000 passwords in order of frequency of use -- each followed by a comma (except the last one). Cinema [312] In 2017, the number of homicides had dropped further to 381. [166] Approximately 25% of Pakistan's national revenue is generated in Karachi. [231], Karachi's public transport infrastructure is inadequate and constrained by low levels of investment. [89] Karachi's water supply is transported to the city through a complex network of canals, conduits, and siphons, with the aid of pumping and filtration stations. [89] Most of the supply comes from the Indus River, and 90 MGD from the Hub Dam. The five original DMCs are: Karachi East, Karachi West, Karachi Central, Karachi South and Malir. [115] Karachi's hills are barren and are part of the larger Kirthar Range, and have a maximum elevation of 528 metres (1,732 feet). Louis. KDA came into existence in 1957 with the task of managing land around Karachi, while the LDA and MDA were formed in 1993 and 1994, respectively. 431 Likes, 4 Comments - George Mason University (@georgemasonu) on Instagram: “"As a freshman at Mason, I had difficulties being on my own for the first time. Printing Press, 1965, p. 212. At the end of the 19th century, Karachi had an estimated population of 105,000. [65], In 711 CE, Muhammad bin Qasim conquered the Sindh and Indus Valley and the port of Debal, from where he launched his forces further into the Indus Valley in 712. [215] Karachi has a community of Goan Catholics who are typically better-educated and more affluent than their Punjabi co-religionists. [103] Between 1958 and 1970, Karachi's role as capital of Sindh was ceased due to the One Unit programme enacted by President Iskander Mirza. [228] This toll highway is designed to relieve congestion in the city of Karachi. The match was seen by 5,000 Karachiites. Wealthier Hindus live primarily in Clifton and Saddar, while poorer ones live and have temples in Narayanpura and Lyari. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. [73] In 1795, Karachi was annexed by the Talpurs, triggering a third wave of Balochi settlers who arrived from interior Sindh and southern Punjab. [109] Zia's Islamization policies lead the Westernized upper-middle classes of Karachi to largely withdraw from the public sphere, and instead form their own social venues that became inaccessible to the poor. New roads, parks, residential, and recreational areas were developed as part of this project. [229], The railway system also handles freight linking Karachi port to destinations up-country in northern Pakistan. [254] Each tier focused on elected councils with some common members to provide "vertical linkage" within the federation.[255]. [251][252] The board became the Karachi Municipal Commission in 1852, and the Karachi Municipal Committee the following year. 90% of Orangi streets are now connected to a sewer system built by local residents under the Orangi Pilot Project. [74] The founders of the new fortified settlement were Sindhi Baniyas,[73] and are said to arrived from the nearby town of Kharak Bandar after the harbour there silted in 1728 after heavy rains. Karachi has the largest number of Urdu speakers in Pakistan. [131] 18% of residents in a 2015 survey rated their water supply as "bad" or "very bad", while 44% expressed concern at the stability of water supply. Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan, was born in Karachi's Wazir Mansion in 1876 to such migrants from Gujarat. [251], During the 1900s, Karachi saw its major beautification project under the mayoralty of Harchandrai Vishandas. [69][70][71] The Chaukhandi tombs in Karachi's modern suburbs were built around this time between the 15th and 18th centuries. 24 Nov 2020 If the Steelers beat the Ravens, they will sew up a playoff spot as long as the List of Amc - Free ebook download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read book online for free. 1 month ago. The Hindu community is split into a more affluent Sindhi Hindu and small Punjabi Hindu group that forms part of Karachi's educated middle class, while poorer Hindus of Rajasthani and Marwari descent form the other part and typically serve as menial and day laborers. [113], The 2010s saw another influx of hundreds of thousands of Pashtun refugees fleeing conflict in North-West Pakistan and the 2010 Pakistan floods. [198][199] Large scale Rohingya migration to Karachi made Karachi one of the largest population centres of Rohingyas in the world outside of Myanmar. 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