The Lou Henry and Herbert Hoover House, built in 1919 in Stanford, California, is now the official residence of the president of Stanford University, and a National Historic Landmark. MacArthur, believing he was fighting a Communist revolution, chose to clear out the camp with military force. During his sophomore year, to reduce his costs, Hoover co-founded the first student housing cooperative at Stanford, "Romero Hall". [157] Hoover also convinced railroads and public utilities to increase spending on construction and maintenance, and the Federal Reserve announced that it would cut interest rates. [93] Despite his service in the Democratic administration of Woodrow Wilson, Hoover had never been closely affiliated with either the Democrats or the Republicans. Hoover described the New Deal's National Recovery Administration and Agricultural Adjustment Administration as "fascistic", and he called the 1933 Banking Act a "move to gigantic socialism". [100] His experience mobilizing the war-time economy convinced him that the federal government could promote efficiency by eliminating waste, increasing production, encouraging the adoption of data-based practices, investing in infrastructure, and conserving natural resources. [103] He endorsed much of Mellon's tax reduction program, but favored a more progressive tax system and opposed the treasury secretary's efforts to eliminate the estate tax. "The Commission for Relief in Belgium and the Political Diplomatic History of the First World War," Diplomacy & Statecraft (201)) 21#4 pp593–613, abstract; Jeansonne, Glen S. "Hoover goes to Belgium" History Today (2015) 65#1 … [267] Then, on October 25, he was buried in West Branch, Iowa, near his presidential library and birthplace on the grounds of the Herbert Hoover National Historic Site. definition - Herbert Hoover. Although disaster response did not fall under the duties of the Commerce Department, the governors of six states along the Mississippi River specifically asked President Coolidge to appoint Hoover to coordinate the response to the flood. Alkuvaiheet. [177], The economy continued to worsen, with unemployment rates nearing 23 percent in early 1932,[178] and Hoover finally heeded calls for more direct federal intervention. In the midst of the economic crisis, Hoover was decisively defeated by Democratic nominee Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1932 presidential election. [189][page needed] Hoover appointed more African Americans to federal positions than Harding and Coolidge had combined, but many African-American leaders condemned various aspects of the Hoover administration, including Hoover's unwillingness to push for a federal anti-lynching law. [96], After his election as president in 1920, Harding rewarded Hoover for his support, offering to appoint him as either Secretary of the Interior or Secretary of Commerce. [106][107][108], Hoover was also influential in the early development of air travel, and he sought to create a thriving private industry boosted by indirect government subsidies. [16], Hoover was a member of the inaugural "Pioneer Class" of Stanford University, entering in 1891 despite failing all the entrance exams except mathematics. [149] Some regulators and bankers had warned Coolidge and Hoover that a failure to curb speculation would lead to "one of the greatest financial catastrophes that this country has ever seen," but both presidents were reluctant to become involved with the workings of the Federal Reserve System, which regulated banks. Like most other citizens of West Branch, Jesse and Hulda were Quakers. [118] Believing that disaster response was not the domain of the federal government, Coolidge initially refused to become involved, but he eventually acceded to political pressure and appointed Hoover to chair a special committee to help the region. However, Hamilton also notes that Hoover was politically inept and failed to recognize the severity of the Great Depression. For his son, see, Hoover later became the first president born west of the. [24] After working as a mine scout for a year, Hoover was hired by Bewick, Moreing & Co., a London-based company that operated gold mines in Western Australia. [258], Hoover wrote several books during his retirement, including The Ordeal of Woodrow Wilson, in which he strongly defended Wilson's actions at the Paris Peace Conference. WE COULD USE A MAN LIKE.. [178], After a decade of budget surpluses, the federal government experienced a budget deficit in 1931. Though Hoover had not ordered MacArthur's clearing out of the protesters, he endorsed it after the fact. Herbert Hoover headed a relief effort where thousands of African Americans were rounded up at gun point and used as forced labor. In 1912, Hoover and his wife published the first English translation of De re metallica. [214], Thousands of World War I veterans and their families demonstrated and camped out in Washington, DC, during June 1932, calling for immediate payment of bonuses that had been promised by the World War Adjusted Compensation Act in 1924; the terms of the act called for payment of the bonuses in 1945. Hoover was awarded a honorary doctorate by the University of Helsinki in March 1938. ", Arnold, Peri E. "The 'Great Engineer' as Administrator: Herbert Hoover and Modern Bureaucracy. When Herbert Hoover took office in 1929, he had no idea that the Great Depression was imminent. [185] In late 1931, Hoover proposed a tax plan to increase tax revenue by 30 percent, resulting in the passage of the Revenue Act of 1932. [270] Polls of historians and political scientists have generally ranked Hoover in the bottom third of presidents. [53], During his senior year at Stanford, Hoover became smitten with a classmate named Lou Henry, though his financial situation precluded marriage at that time. Noun 1. This was the longest retirement in presidential history until Jimmy Carter broke that record in September 2012. [203] As public opinion increasingly turned against Prohibition, more and more people flouted the law, and a grassroots movement began working in earnest for Prohibition's repeal. [211] The treaty represented the first time that the naval powers had agreed to cap their tonnage of auxiliary vessels, as previous agreements had only affected capital ships. [195] With the goal of opening up more jobs for U.S. citizens, Secretary of Labor William N. Doak began a campaign to prosecute illegal immigrants in the United States. He viewed the Soviet Union to be as morally repugnant as Nazi Germany and supported the efforts of Richard Nixon and others to expose Communists in the United States.[253]. [209] Hoover and Secretary of State Henry L. Stimson focused on extending the 1922 Washington Naval Treaty, which sought to prevent a naval arms race. "The Rhetoric of the Post-Presidency: Herbert Hoover's Campaign against the New Deal, 1934-1936". He recruited numerous academics from various fields and tasked them with publishing reports on different aspects of the economy, including steel production and films. [47] Hoover worked with the Burma Corporation, a British firm that produced silver, lead, and zinc in large quantities at the Namtu Bawdwin Mine. Neben Herbert Hoover National Historic Site hat HEHO andere Bedeutungen. He also feared that allowing individuals on the "dole" would permanently weaken the country. [116] Other accomplishments included winning the agreement of U.S. Steel to adopt an eight-hour workday, and the fostering of the Colorado River Compact, a water rights compact among Southwestern states. [110], As Commerce Secretary, Hoover hosted national conferences on street traffic collectively known as the National Conference on Street and Highway Safety. Also located at Stanford is the Hoover Institution, a think tank and research institution started by Hoover. In Freedom Betrayed, Hoover strongly critiques Roosevelt's foreign policy, especially Roosevelt's decision to recognize the Soviet Union in order to provide aid to that country during World War II. Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was an American politician, businessman, and engineer, who served as the 31st president of the United States from 1929 to 1933. Us Secretary of state from 1954 to 1957 252 ] Hoover favored United! 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